Note Making and Summary Class XII English CBSE

              NOTE MAKING         

                               

1.      Must write the title. It should state what the majority of the passage talks about.

2.      Minimum 4 abbreviations to be used in note making and make key to abbreviations after writing the notes and not after the summary. (maximum abbreviations :7)

3.      Helping verbs ,articles ,pronouns and determiners could be omitted

4.      Write minimum 3 main heading  and 3 sub headings (do not write too many subheadings)

5.      Write phrases not complete sentences

6.      Do not use numbers as abbreviations :

WRONG :     2 –two         Wid- with

CORRECT :   Edu. – education (use 1^st few letters)

Achvmnt-achievement (omit vowels)

b’ful- beautiful , can’t -cannot (write first few and last few letters)

BBC –British broadcasting Corporation (acronyms)

@,& ,= (conventionall symbols)

Govt. ,Ans. ,Ltd (standard abbreviations)

7.      Notes making should not be lengthy. It should not cover more than 2 sides of a page.

FORMAT:

	TITLE (underline the title)
	NOTES
	1.      Main Heading
	1.1    Sub heading
Left Margin	1.1.1 Sub Sub-Heading (optional_
(do not	1.1.2 Sub Sub-Heading
Write no.	1.2  Sub heading
In margin)	1.2.1  Sub Sub-Heading
	1.2.2    Sub Sub-Heading
	2.      Main Heading
	2.1    Sub heading
	2.1.1 Sub Sub-Heading
	2.1.2 Sub Sub-Heading
	2.2  Sub heading
	2.2.1  Sub Sub-Heading
	2.2.2    Sub Sub-Heading

      SUMMARY

1.      Do not exceed word limit given in the exam

2.      Summary is made out of notes not the passage

3.      Do not divide the summary in different paragraphs

.

4.      It should be attempted just after the note making

5.      Do not start like this : ‘The passage talks about’

6.      Do not use any abbreviations in the summary

7.      Write complete , grammatically correct sentences.

8.      Try to follow the order of the notes as far as possible

1       1.  Read the passage given below and make the notes.

The small village of Somnathpur contains an extraordinary temple, built around 1268 A.D. by the Hoyasalas of Karnataka-one of the most prolific templebuilders. Belur and Helebid are among their-better-known works. While these suffered during the invasions of the 14th century, the Somnathpur temple stands more or less intact in near-original condition. This small temple captivates with the beauty and vitality of its detailed sculpture,covering almost every inch of the walls, pillars, and even ceilings. It has three shikharas and stands on a star-shaped, raised platform with 24 edges. The outer walls have a profusion of detailed carvings: the entire surface run over by carved plaques of stone. There were vertical panels covered by exquiste figures of gods and goddesses. with many incarnations being depicted. There were nymphs too, some carrying an ear of maize (a symbol of plenty and prosperity. The elaborate ornamentation, very characteristic of Hoyasala sculptures, was a remarkable feature. On closer look - and it is worth it - the series of friezes on the outer walls revealed intricately carved caparisoned elephants, charging horsemen, stylized flowers, warriors, musicians, crocodiles, and swans.

The temple was actually commissioned by Soma Dandanayaka or Somnath (he named the village after himself), the minister of the Hoyasala king, Narasimha the Third. The temple was built to house three versions of Krishna. The inner center of the temple was the kalyana mandapa. Leading from here were three corridors, each ending in a shrine, one for each kind of Krishna-Venugopala, Janardana and Prasanna Keshava, though only two remain in their original form. In the darkness of the sanctum sanctorum, I tried to discern the different images. The temple’s sculptural perfection is amazing and it includes the doors of the temple and the three elegantly carved towers.

Ans.

Temple of Somnathpur

Notes

1. Prominent temples at Somnathpur:

1.1   built around 1268 A.D.

1.2   built  by Hoyasalas.

1.3   built by most prolific temple-builders.

1.3.1 Belur and Helebid

 1.3.2 suffered during the invasions of 14 century

2. Temple: the beauty and vitality:

2.1 detailed sculpture- covering walls, pillars, ceilings.

2.2 three shikharas- stands star-shaped, raised platform - 24 edges

2.3  outer walls- detailed carvings

2.4 the entire surface- carved plaques of stone,

2.5 Vertical panels covered by exq. Fig. of gods& goddesses

3. Characteristic of Hoyasala sculptures:

3.1 the series of friezes on the outer walls

3.2 revealed intricately carved caparisoned elephants .

3.3 charging horsemen

3.4 stylized flowers

 3.5 warriors, musicians, crocodiles, and swans.

4. Temple in the History:

4.1 actually comm.. Soma Dandanayaka or Somnath

4.2 inner center of  temple was the kalyana mandapa.

4.3 leading - three corridors, each ending in a shrine

4.4 each kind of Krishna-Venugopala, Janardana and Prasanna  Keshava

        KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS

S.NO.   ABBREVIATIONS      WORDS

1.            Inc.                             includes

2            Exq.                             exquisite                                                                  

3.           Fig.                              figures

4.           Tstmny                         testimony

5.           Plrlty                              Plurality

6.         Comm..                          commissioned

Summary 

Somnath temple is situated in a small village of Somnathpur. It was commissioned by Soma  Dandanayaka or Somnath and it was build around 1268A.D. The temple of Somnath is extraordinary due to the sculptures on the walls, pillars, and even the ceiling which are covered by exquisite figures of gods and goddesses. The sculptures have a series of finches on the outer walls. The various molifs are carved elephants, charging horsemen and stylized flowers.It had three corridors ,each ending in a shrine ,one for each version of Krishna- Venugopala, Janardana and Prasann  Keshava.

2.        Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow( Passage 2): - [8]

1. Effective speaking depends on effective listening. It  takes energy to concentrate on hearing and concentrate on understanding what has been heard.

2. Incompetent listeners fail in a number of ways. First, they may drift. Their attention drifts from what the speaker is saying second, they may counter. They find counter. arguments to whatever a speaker may be saying. Third, they compete. Then, they filter. They exclude from their understanding those parts of the message which do not readily fit with their own frame of reference. Finally, they react. They let personal feelings about speaker or subject override the significance of the message which is being sent.

3.What can a listener do to be more effective ? the first key to effective listening is the art of concentration. If a, listener positively wishes to concentrate on receiving a message his chances of success are high. It may need determination. Some speakers of success are difficult to follow. Either because of voice problems, or because of the form in which they send a message. There is then particular need for the determination of a listener to concentrate on what is being said.

4. Concentration is helped by alertness. Mental alertness is helped by physical alertness. It is not simply physical fitness, but also positioning of the body, the limbs and the head. Some people also find it helpful to their concentration if they hold the head slightly to one side. One useful way for achieving this is intensive note – taking, by trying to capture the critical headings and subheadings the speaker is referring to.

5. Note –taking has been recommended as an aid to the listener. I also helps the speaker. It gives him confidence when he sees that listeners are sufficiently interested to take notes; the patterns of eye – contact when the note – taker looks up can be very positive; and the speaker’s timing is aided – he can see when a note- taker is writing hard and can then make effective use of pauses.

6. Posture too is important. Consider the impact made by a less competent listener who pushes his chair backwards and slouches. An upright posture helps a listener’s concentration. At the same time it is seen by the speaker to be a positive feature amongst his listeners. Effective listening skills have an impact on both the listener and the speaker.

(a)  On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub- headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (whatever necessary – minimum four) and a format you consider suitable.                                 --[5]

(b) Write a summary of the above passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made and also suggest a suitable title.                                                        --[3]

2. (a)                                      Note- Making

 TITLE : Effective Listening skills / Effective Communications / Speaking and Listening (any other suitable title)

Notes:

1. Effective speaking depends on

1.1 effective listening

1.2 energy to concentrate on hearing

1.3 understd’ng

2. Incompetent listener

2.1 fail in no. of ways

2.2 attention drifts

2.3 find counter argu’nts

2.4 compete

2.5 filter message to suit own frame of reference

2.6 react

3. Key to effective listening

3.1  art of conc.

3.1.1  helped by alert’ess

3.1.2    alert’ess helped by phy.  Fitness& positioning of body

3.2  intensive note- taking

3.2.1   aid to listen’r

3.2.2       helps sp’ker

3.2.3       spkr’s timing is aided

3.3  posture

3.3.1 upright postur' helps in conc.

3.3.2  +ve feature of listn’rs

Abbreviations Used      Hear’ng.            -         hearing     Underst’ng        -            understanding     Argu’nts.           -         arguments     Alert’ess.           -         alertness     Sp’kr.                -         speaker

 

 Summary

Effective speaking depends on effective listening. It requires energy to concentrate on hearing and understanding what has been heard. The incompetent listeners fail in a number of ways. Their attention drifts, they find counter arguments to what a speaker may say. They compete. They filter message which does not fit with their own frame of reference and they react. Developing the art of concentration, taking down intensive notes and maintaining the right posture help in effective listening.